When selecting engine oil for your vehicle, the ratings on the oil container may seem confusing at first glance. These ratings are essential for determining the type of oil best suited for your engine’s performance and longevity. These are set by various standards and organizations, such as the SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) and API (American Petroleum Institute). For guidance, always consider the recommendations of automotive oil manufacturers in UAE to ensure the best match for your vehicle.
The SAE viscosity rating:
One of the most common elements on oil containers is the viscosity rating, typically written as “5W-30” or “10W-40”. The number before the “W” refers to the oil’s viscosity at cold temperatures, while the number after the “W” indicates its thickness at high temperatures. For example, “5W” means the oil flows well in colder temperatures (5 degrees Fahrenheit), making it suitable for winter conditions. The second number, “30” or “40”, indicates the oil’s performance at higher engine temperatures. Higher numbers provide thicker oil, which can be important for high-performance engines or hotter climates.
Multi-grade oils:
Most oils are multi-grade, meaning they perform well in both cold and hot conditions. The first number (before the “W”) indicates the oil’s low-temperature flow capability, and the second number (after the “W”) indicates its high-temperature stability. Multi-grade oils, such as 10W-30, are designed to be versatile in various climates, providing easier starting in cold weather while maintaining performance during higher engine temperatures.
API service ratings:
Another important oil rating comes from the API, which identifies the quality of the oil. API service ratings appear on the oil label as a two-letter code, such as “SN” or “SM”. The first letter represents the oil’s performance level, with “S” for spark-ignition engines (gasoline) and “C” for compression-ignition engines (diesel). The second letter indicates the oil’s performance quality, with higher letters showing a higher quality. “SN” is a modern standard, indicating excellent performance for contemporary engines.
Full synthetic Vs. conventional oil:
Full synthetic oils are specially engineered to provide superior performance in extreme conditions, while conventional oils are derived from crude oil. Synthetic oils offer better protection, longer life, and higher resistance to breakdown. Many automotive oil manufacturers provide synthetic oils tailored for high-performance and luxury vehicles.